Which of the following documents guarantees individual freedoms?

The Bill of Rights is the correct answer because it specifically enumerates individual freedoms and rights guaranteed to citizens of the United States. Ratified in 1791, it consists of the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution, focusing on protecting various civil liberties such as freedom of speech, religion, and the press, as well as the rights to assemble, petition, and bear arms, among others. This document was created in direct response to calls for more explicit protections of individual rights, highlighting its fundamental role in safeguarding personal freedoms within the legal framework of the United States.

The Articles of Confederation, while an important early governing document, primarily established a framework for national governance and did not contain specific provisions for individual rights. The Federalist Papers, written to promote the ratification of the Constitution, contain arguments and discussions about the necessity of a stronger federal government but do not serve as legal guarantees of individual freedoms. The U.S. Constitution itself outlines the structure of government and its functions, but it is the Bill of Rights that directly addresses and guarantees the individual liberties of citizens.