Which document declared the American colonies' independence from Britain?

The Declaration of Independence is the founding document that announced the American colonies' decision to break away from British rule. Drafted primarily by Thomas Jefferson and adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, it articulates the colonies' grievances against King George III and outlines the philosophical justifications for independence, including the principles of individual rights and the social contract.

The significance of this document lies not only in its assertion of independence but also in its assertion of fundamental human rights, stating that all men are created equal and are endowed with certain unalienable rights. It marks a pivotal moment in American history, signaling the emergence of the United States as a sovereign nation and setting the stage for the revolutionary war.

Other documents listed, such as the Constitution and the Articles of Confederation, came into play later during the formation of the government after independence was declared. The Bill of Rights, which comprises the first ten amendments to the Constitution, protects specific rights and freedoms but does not address the issue of independence from Britain. Thus, the Declaration of Independence is the correct answer as it directly pertains to the colonies' separation from British authority.