What significant period followed World War II that was marked by political and military tension?

The period that followed World War II and was characterized by significant political and military tension is known as the Cold War. This era, roughly spanning from the end of WWII in 1945 until the early 1990s, was defined by the rivalry between the United States and its allies, representing Western capitalism and democracy, and the Soviet Union and its allies, symbolizing Eastern communism.

During the Cold War, there was no direct large-scale fighting between these superpowers, but rather an ongoing state of political hostility, military buildup, and indirect conflicts around the globe, often referred to as proxy wars. This tension led to significant events and developments, such as the arms race, the Space Race, and important events like the Korean War and the Vietnam War. The ideological divide also influenced many aspects of society, culture, and international relations, creating a lasting impact that shaped the geopolitical landscape of the 20th century and beyond.