What role did technological breakthroughs play during the Industrial Revolution?

Technological breakthroughs were essential in advancing production methods during the Industrial Revolution. Innovations such as the steam engine, spinning jenny, and power loom led to the mechanization of various industries, significantly increasing efficiency and productivity. This transformation allowed goods to be produced on a much larger scale than ever before, fostering economic growth and creating new job opportunities in factories. Moreover, these advancements enabled the shift from agrarian economies to industrialized societies, fundamentally changing how work was performed and leading to urbanization as people migrated to cities for factory jobs. The ripple effects of these technological innovations also spurred developments in transportation, such as railroads and steamships, which facilitated trade, expanded markets, and ultimately contributed to a global economy.